Sufism in Syria in the example of the Naqshbandiyya sect

Bilâdu'ş-Şâm in general and Syria in particular are considered to be the most important countries where mysticism has shaped its religious identity for centuries. Syria has long been a center that has hosted Sûfîsm, sects, Sûfî personalities and places. Whether people accept Sûfîsm or not, there is an undeniable fact that Sûfîsm in Syria has solid historical roots dating back to the present day. In this research, it is aimed to support this claim and to show what a fundamental place Sûfîsm has in the Syrian society, which includes many religions, races and sects. Despite all these differences of Syrian society, Sûfîsm as an Islamic mode of existence is the most common intellectual movement in terms of both belief and practice. The research consists of three parts. In the first chapter, the birth of Sûfîsm in general and the stages it went through, starting from the period of asceticism, until it became an independent concept were discussed. As a matter of fact, Sûfîsm developed gradually and took different forms, some of which included some views and concepts that did not exist in the first century. In the end, it took the form of Sûfî sects, which are the most visible form of Sûfîsm today. In this section, the emergence of Sûfîsm in Syria is also mentioned, and Ibrahim b. Important personalities such as Ethem, Ebu Süleymân ed-Dârânî, Sheikh Reslân ed-Dımeşki, İbn Arabî and Abdülganî en-Nablusi are included. In the second part, the most common sects in Syria are mentioned, which are Qadiriyya, Rufa'iyya, Shaziliyye and Naqshbandiyya. It is mentioned that none of these sects emerged from scratch in Syria and that they moved to Syria from other countries. As a matter of fact, it is seen that they went to Syria either with the migration of the sheikh to Syria or through the murids and caliphs there. In addition, hangâhs that have been in Syria throughout history, Keywords: Syria, Sûfîsm, Sect, Dhikr, Naqshbandiyya.