An investigation of the effects of negative political advertising in İstanbul Kartal

In Turkey, political advertising has been used since 1980?s in a professional manner.As a sub-type of political advertising, negative political advertising has been used since 1987 elections.Shortly, negative political advertising is a criticism againist the compenent party through economical,political,emotional and personel dimensions.So far,negative political advertising?s positive and negative effects,etic dimension?s and cynicism has been investigating by many academician.In this thesis definition,type,perception,effects,usage,strategy and etic of negative political advertising was investigated thoroughly.Its effects was investigated through survey method in which its effects are different in different countries.Different consequences was found due to education,age,gender,income and job changes.