The effect of the school leadership on teachers' perceptions organizational cynicism and silence: A meta-analysis study

The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of leadership behaviors of school administrators on teachers' perceptions of organizational cynicism and organizational silence using meta-analysis method. In order to determine the researches to be included in the meta-analysis, a literature review was carried out by examining the YÖK Thesis Search system, ULAKBİM, Dergipark, Google Scholar, EBSCO, SOBİAD, ASOS databases. With the developed screening strategy, 26 studies on the relationship between school leadership and organizational cynicism were reached, and 18 of these studies were included in the study. Of these 18 studies, 11 were included in the study under 2 headings, focusing on the relationship between constructive school leadership behaviors and organizational cynicism, and the remaining 7 on the relationship between non-constructive school leadership behaviors and organizational cynicism. On the other hand, 22 studies were found on the relationship between school leadership and organizational silence, and 16 of these studies were included in the study. Of these 16 studies, 8 were included in the study under 2 headings, regarding the relationship between constructive school leadership behaviors and organizational silence, and the remaining 8 on the relationship between non-constructive school leadership behaviors and organizational silence. After the data included in the study were transferred to the Excel program, analyzes were made in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. All meta-analysis calculations were based on the random effects model. A moderator analysis was conducted for the variables of leadership types, school level and publication type with the average effect size on the organizational cynicism and organizational silence perceptions of school leadership. According to the findings, it was determined that constructive school leadership had a moderate negative effect on teachers' perceptions of organizational cynicism [r = -.43]. In the study, it was concluded that the effect of leadership types and school level moderators on the perception of organizational cynicism was statistically significant, while the mode of publication did not have a statistically significant effect on the perception of organizational cynicism. It was found that non-constructive school leadership had a large positive effect on teachers' perceptions of organizational cynicism [r = .58]. It was concluded that the effect of the type of leadership, which is the moderator variable of the study, on the perception of organizational cynicism was statistically significant, while the moderators of school level and publication type did not have a statistically significant effect on the perception of organizational cynicism. It was determined that constructive school leadership had a moderate negative effect on teachers' perceptions of organizational silence [r = -.37]. In the study, it was concluded that the effect of leadership types and school level moderators on the perception of organizational silence was statistically significant, while the mode of publication did not have a statistically significant effect on the perception of organizational silence. It was found that non-constructive school leadership had a moderately positive effect on teachers' perceptions of organizational silence [r = .35]. In the study, it was concluded that the leadership types and school level moderators did not have a statistically significant effect on the perception of organizational silence, while the effect of the publication type moderator on the perception of organizational silence was statistically significant. Key Words: School Leadership, Organizational Cynicism, Organizational Silence, Meta Analysis, Leadership