Oligo-miocene palynology, palaeobotany, vertebrate, marine faunas, palaeoclimatology and palaeovegetation of the ören basin (North of the Gökova Gulf), Western Anatolia

In this thesis, palynostratigraphic, palaeoclimatologic, palaeovegetational and palaeontological interpretations of the Muğla-Milas-Ören region are obtained.Stratigraphy of the Ören basin is revised and one formation (the Kultak formation) and three members (the Alakilise, Hüsamlar and Belen members) are defined. Besides, palynofloras of the Rupelien, Chattian, late Burdigalian-Langhian and Serravallian times are determinated and palaeoclimatic evidences of these times are obtained. In addition, leaf fossil floras are collected from the Karacaağaç-Ören region and all fossils are defined. Palaeoclimatic evolution based on the leaf flora is obtained using the Clamp, Coexistences Approach and LMA methods.Foraminifer faunas of the Aquitanian and late Burdigalian-Langhian times are defined from the limestones with marine fossils. Besides, strontium, oxygen and carbon isotopes results are calculated from these limestones. Obtaining isotopic data are correlated with the palaeontological results and both results coherent. Gastropod and bivalvia fossils of the Chattian time are defined. Age and palaeoenvironmental determinations based on gastropod and bivalvia fossils are supported by the strontium, oxygen and carbon isotopes data. Mammalian faunas of the Middle Burdigalian-Langhian time interval are determined from the clastic sediments in the Milas-Ören region. Strontium, oxygen and carbon isotopes results are correlated with the palaeontological data for the age and palaeoenvironmental interpretation.