Recognition of prior learning and a policy proposal for Turkish higher education system

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) is the process of recognizing knowledge and skills, regardless of where, when and in what context they are acquired. Until recently, RPL which is applied in the form of recognition of knowledge acquired in formal institutions has provided higher education institutions with a crucial opportunity in recognizing the learning occurring in informal and non-formal environments as a result of individuals' easy access to information outside formal institutions due to the advancements in Internet and Communications Technology. In this study, it is aimed to determine a national policy proposal to benefit from this paradigm which is expected to lead to new expansion for higher education. In the first part of the study after describing the concepts, terms, models and theories, legislation and practices throughout the world and in Turkey were investigated. In the second part, awareness of the learners about RPL has been investigated for two sample groups and the findings were presented by analyzing the data collected by questionnaire and interview technique. Also expert opinions were sought about the steps that should be taken in terms of policy and practice in Turkish higher education related to RPL. Expert opinions on the subject were determined by analyzing the data collected by interview technique. In the last part of the study, the findings were interpreted and recommendations were made in the context of developing a national RPL policy. According to the findings of the study, policies and practices related to RPL are closely associated with lifelong learning, competency frameworks, education and working life. Although there is no legal obstacle for Turkish higher education institutions in implementing RPL processes, it is identified that practices do not become widespread and this option does not turn into an opportunity. As for learner awareness, it is found out that the awareness of the learners about the recognition of the learning acquired outside formal institutions is almost non-existent. In the higher education system, it is concluded that the implementation of RPL will improve if necessary arrangements are made in terms of policy and application dimensions. Key Words: Prior Learning, Recognition, Formal Learning, Informal Learning, Nonformal Learning