Optimal energy efficient sensor network design

Wireless sensor network is made up of very tiny motes called as sensor nodes and a fixed or mobile base station. For making the network reliable many routing algorithms are proposed. Due to the presence of sensor nodes in harsh environment it is not possible to provide unlimited power source so, energy efficiency is a major issues in WSN. Multi-objective Approach for Energy Efficiency and Multi objective Cluster Based Approach protocols are proposed to increase the lifetime of the network. The first study develops a new energy efficient (EE) clustering-based protocol for single-hop, heterogeneous WSNs. An architecture for microsensor networks that combine the ideas of using channel state information (CSI) and minimum residual energy (MRE) in the selection process of Cluster Heads (CHs). The proposed protocol shows better results as compared with LEACH, SEP and DEEC protocols. In cooperative communication a relay node overhears and repeats a source nodes message to the BS. Where the two independently faded signals are combined. The resulting of cooperative communication of achieving reliable communication at much lower transmission energy cost reduces the energy consumption of the sensor nodes when are compared with non-cooperative communication case. In order to save energy data must aggregated to reduce the amount of traffic in the network. Data aggregation has done with the help of clustering schemes. Clusters reduce the localized traffic by means of grouping sensor nodes and compress the data together and then transmit only compact data to the base station. Therefore optimal cluster head selection is important to maximize the lifetime of the network by utilizing the limited energy in an efficient manner. In this thesis, clustering approach is proposed to determine the optimal number of clusters in WSN. Cluster heads are chosen based on their residual energies, distances and optimal number of clusters in the network. Also this thesis presents an analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 implementations available for typical sensor node systems, such as the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) node CC 2450 chip, AP2 transceiver modules were used for ANT, and other transceiver is ZigBee (Texas Instrument). Results show that our proposed protocol maximizes the network lifetime and nodes stay alive for longer period using the same transmitted power, radio frequency, packet size and data rate for three protocols, ZigBee is shown to consume less energy and offers longer network lifetime.