Organik atıklardan biyobütanol üretiminde biyokimyasal reaksiyonların manipulasyonları ile üretimin iyileştirilmesi

Waste fig (Ficus carica) is a sugar-rich lignocellulosic fruit making it an excellent biomass candidate for biofuels. This thesis was designed to use waste fig (Ficus carica) for the generation of low-cost and renewable biobutanol through pretreatment followed by dark fermentation. The main aim was to enhance butanol production by checking the roles of certain metals and electron mediators. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of microwave (MW) and thermal process under pressure like autoclaving (AC) as potential pretreatment options for fig hydrolysis to yield high sugar concentrations to be used as a substrate for butanol production. The maximum total sugar concentration of 82.91 g/L and 70.02 g/L were obtained from MW and AC hydrolysis, respectively, with optimized hydrolysis conditions of MW as Dp = 370.72 µm, pH 4.96 and P = 253.67 W and for AC as Dp = 263.19 µm, pH= 3.02, T = 120ºC and t = 30.00 mins. Metals are important precursors in biochemical transformation pathways and also play major roles in microbial metabolism. In this thesis, the effects of metals on ABE (Acetone-Butanol- Ethanol) fermentation, organic acids, and hydrogen production with fig as biomass were extensively studied. Optimization studies were conducted within the ranges of the significant cations achieving ABE (6.3, 5.03, and 1.6 g/L, respectively), acetic and butyric acids (6.9 and 3.9 g/L, respectively) and hydrogen production rate (51,5 ml H2 /L/h). Furthermore, the role of metals in manipulating the ABE fermentation pathway to favur butanol production was successfully achieved.