A comparative valency grammar of Turkey turkish and Kyrgyz turkish based on the Orkhon inscriptions

Valency grammar is a novel syntactic analysis methodology. It is a linguistic theory that can bring new perspectives to various fields, including teaching Turkish as a foreign language, lexicography, inter-dialectal transfer, and syntax studies. One of the significant yet less common areas within valency grammar studies is comparative valency studies. The absence of a comparative valency grammar study specifically on Turkic dialects forms the basis of this thesis. This research examines the comparative valency grammar of Turkish in its historical and contemporary periods. A synchronic syntactic comparison is conducted among the Orkhon inscriptions, Turkey Turkish, and Kyrgyz Turkish. The thesis focuses on the syntactic relationships and differences among the Orkhon inscriptions, Turkey Turkish, and Kyrgyz Turkish. The valency approach, a modern syntactic analysis model, serves as an up-to-date and valid grammatical methodology for this comparative study. The core of the research lies in identifying valency differences across the historical and contemporary periods of Turkish by analyzing the verbs in the Orkhon inscriptions, as well as explaining the reasons behind these differences. In this context, linguistic data for 237 verbs from the Orkhon inscriptions were analyzed. Based on the scope and limitations of the thesis, 32 of these verbs were included in the study and subjected to detailed analysis. The findings revealed a 66% similarity rate between the Orkhon inscriptions and Turkey Turkish, a 69% similarity rate between the Orkhon inscriptions and Kyrgyz Turkish, and an 87% similarity rate between Turkey Turkish and Kyrgyz Turkish. Accordingly, the syntactic structures of 32 verbs and their 38 semantic variants included in the thesis were identified, and possible reasons for the existing syntactic valency differences were discussed.