Bamyan in the Middle Ages

The Middle East and Central Asia region has an ancient background in civilization and urbanization, as well as the formation of various religions in history. Accordingly, the country of Afghanistan is no exception to this, and various cities in the history of the country have become famous with their cultural and political diversity. As a result of this diversity, they has been mentioned in most historical and geographical books. The province of Bamyan is one of these, and the role and importance of this city, especially in the pre-Islamic period, has been mentioned many times. Bamyan today is among the central provinces of Afghanistan a mountainous region surrounded by mountains. It has a snowy and cold winters and it is cool and temperate in the rest of the year, especially in spring and autumn. In terms of its location, it is located 230 km from Kabul. Population and growth rates are among the second-ranking cities in Afghanistan, which, according to some statistics, has a population of nearly 400,000. The past has been tied to numerous historical and political events; the Bâmiyân geographic location, the harsh mountains way, the silk road, natural and mineral resources, provided a good base for the religious activities of Buddhism. This city Ancient period found special significance. The same significance and credibility caused the attention of the great powers. After Islam entered the lands of Khorasan, Bamyan kept his cultural position for many years in terms of the religion of Buddhism, but with the power of finding powerful dynasties like Safari and Ghaznavid dynasty, it became a completely Islamic city. According to historical books, Bamyan was very important due to the pass of Indian commercial road across it until the Mongolian invasion. The purpose of this research is to investigate Bamyan's social, economic, cultural, and political situation in the Middle Ages. Keywords: Afghanstan, Bamyan, Middle Ages, Buddhism, İslam.