Determination and classification of proverbs and idioms insecondary school Turkish textbooks

Proverbs and idioms are important elements of language in terms of providing the speaker with the opportunity to express a lot with few words, as well as reflecting the fluency and richness of the language. These elements are tried to be taught to children through Turkish lessons, which aim to teach them the standard language and develop their language skills. In this context, the course materials in which students encounter proverbs and idioms most frequently are Turkish textbooks. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of proverbs and idioms in the activities and reading texts in the 9 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade Turkish textbooks prepared by Anıttepe, Ata, Ekoyay, MEB and Özgün Publications, which were approved by the Board of Education and Discipline to be taught in schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the 2022- 2022 and 2022- 2023 academic years, and to classify these elements under various headings. The research was conducted in the form of qualitative research and the data were obtained by document analysis method. As a result of the study, a total of 1446 idioms (150 in 5th grade books, 660 in 6th grade books, 453 in 7th grade books and 183 in 8th grade books) and 125 proverbs (24 in 5th grade books, 69 in 6th grade books, 25 in 7th grade books and 7 in 8th grade books) were found: 24; 69 in 6th grade books; 25 in 7th grade books and 7 in 8th grade books, totalling 125 proverbs. Idioms were classified under the headings of "emotion, situation, advice and other" and it was seen that there were 227 idioms in the emotion category, 614 in the situation category, 32 in the advice category and 409 in the other category. In the proverbs classified under the titles of "virtues, our national culture, individual and society, rights and freedoms, science, health and sports" according to their subjects, it was determined that the majority of them were under the title of virtues. In addition, idioms were divided into their elements in terms of their formation forms and it was determined that most of them were combined in the form of "object + verb and place complement + verb connection" Finally, a dictionary was prepared at each grade level, consisting of the proverbs and idioms obtained as a result of the scan and indicating in which publisher's textbook these elements were mentioned.