The case study of the private sector in the process of industrialization from Ottoman Empire to era republican (1880-1939)

From the middle of the 15. century to the end of the 17. century, the Ottoman Empire, with the Kingdom of Lehistan, reached the Baltic Sea and dominated the world. 1768-1774 With the Küçük Kaynarca Treaty, which ended the Ottoman-Russian War, important land losses occurred in the Ottoman Empire and since 18. century, the Ottoman entered into a process of decline in European countries. These developments are largely dependent on the Industrial Revolution and the Ottoman Empire has not been able to achieve industrialization that can compete with Europe. However, even though the Ottoman had not become an industrial society, it had facilities that produced traditional technology, especially weapons, military equipment and clothing since the classical times of the state. The private enterprise by the state has been directed to investments through privilege. Many of the established industrial enterprises were transferred to the Era Republican and state-led investments were made. Although the accumulation of capital, qualified staff and raw materials have reduced the level of success of state and private enterprises, significant industrial enterprises have emerged. In this study, the situation of industrialization, private entrepreneurship and foreign capital from the Ottoman Empire to the Era Republican and the operation of the privilege system were explained together with the examples in the Ottoman archives. In this context, what has been done, what is the situation of private enterprise in periods, how it has developed and which stages it has been examined. II. Abdülhamid-II. In the period between World War I (1876-1939), it was concluded that the desired national bourgeoisie could not be created through industrialization and development moves despite the privileges, the incentives provided and the industrial plans implemented.