The relationship between daily dietary nutrient intakes and total kidney cyst volume on patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common inherited diseases. Cardiovascular problems are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ADPKD. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between daily dietary nutrient intakes and kidney volume. The study was carried out on 22 male and 38 female patients, with a mean age of 48.6±11.3 years, who were diagnosed with ADPKD at a goverment hospital nephrology clinic between May-July 2014. Patients' data including personal characteristics, biochemical and urinary parameters, kidney volumes and anthropometric measurements were determined. In this study the nutrient intakes of patients were estimated by the 24-h dietary records obtained on 3 consecutive days. The mean eGFR was 54.8±36.46 ml/dk/1.73m2 and the mean kidney volume was 1012±776.8ml. Patients total dietary energy intake was 25.57±9.32kcal/kg/day and their total dietary protein intake was 0.87±0.32g/kg/day. Patients' percentage of energy from carbohydrates was determined as 49±7%, from protein was 14±2%, from total fat was 36±6% and from saturated fat intake was 11.6±3.6%. Patients' dietary folat, calcium and potassium intakes were lower than the DRI (Daily Recommended Intake). Patients' mean dietary sodium intake was higher than the DRI recommendation. It was found that when patients were divided in to two groups, by their median kidney volume (743 ml), there was no difference in their carbohydrates, protein and total fat intakes (p>0.05). Dietary calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc intakes were lower; phosphorus and iron intakes were similar in patients with higher kidney volume than the patients with smaller kidney volume but these relationships weren't statistically important (p>0.05). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing mean kidney volume and showed that mean kidney volume was affected negatively by dietary CHO, protein and total fat intake (p<0.05). As a conclusion, patients' total fat, saturated fat and sodium intakes were higher; dietary folat, calcium and potassium intakes were inadequate. All of these nutrients related with cardiovasculer diseases and hypertension which are the most common mortality and morbidity causes of ADPKD.