The effect of vitamin k1 supplementation on the trabecular micro-architecture of mandibular condyle on ovariectomized osteoporotic rat model: A histomorphometric study

As a frequent disease in elderly people osteoporosis affects trabecular bone rather than cortical bone. Its known that serum Vitamin K levels are significantly lower than normal in elderly women patients with osteoporosis. Recently, studies showed that Vitamin K1 plays a role on bone remodeling, bone mineralization and bone volume. Trabecular bone of temporomandibular condyle is affected from osteoporosis; however, there is no study for the treatment with Vitamin K1 in literature. This study was designed to examine the effects of Vitamin K1 on bone loss induced by overictomized.Seventy-five female Wistar rats, each 3-month-old from the Cukurova University Medical Experimental Research Center were used and divided in three groups in this study. Control group was composed of 25 rats which underwent the sham operation (SHAM). Sham operation was performed within the abdominal approach to the ovarium, and leaving them untouched in the ovarian. Fifty rats were overiectomized within dorsal approach and divided in to two groups randomly; ovariectomised group (OVX) and Vitamin K1 group (VKX). OVX group was fed with water and standart chow diet while VKX group was fed with Vitamin K1 addition to their standart chow diet. For 56 days dose of 1mg/kg/day Vitamin K1 was administered by gastric gavage technique to the VKX group. All the temporomandibular condyles were removed for the histomorphometric evaluation following the sacrification.VKX grubunun tüm histomorfometrik parametreleri OVX grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edilirken (p<0,05), SHAM grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadı (p>0,01). SHAM grubu ile OVX grubu karşılaştırıldığında tüm histomorfometrik parametrelerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edildi (p<0,05)Trabecular structure was normal in the SHAM group, while a decrease of trabecular number and trabecular thickness and increase in the trabecular seperation was observed with the trabecular degeneration in the OVX group. In the VKX group, trabecular number and trabecular thickness was increased and trabecular separation increased. All histomorphometric parameters of VKX group was statistically significant different from the OVX group (p<0, 05), while no statistically significant difference was found between VKX and SHAM groups (p>0,01). All histomorphometric parameters of SHAM group was statistically significant different from the OVX group (p<0, 05),Our findings indicate that it is possible to decrease the effects of osteoporosis on temporomandibular condyle with the Vitamin K1 supplementation.