Discussions about the establishment of the state of Pakistan

There is no doubt, some of the most significant incidents of the 20th century are political, economic and social incidents happened in the Hindu peninsula. At the beginning of these, there is the division of the region into Pakistan and Republic of India in August 15, 1947. The problems occurred due to this division are big as these people were living together for centuries and they are actually from the same race but the division is the religion-based. Therefore, many communities have evolved into nation states since the last quarter of the 18th century. Knowing that this process still continues, it is seen that there is a situation already visible in the Hindu peninsula which indicates a potential and foreseeable conflict. Yet, this situation should be examined at least in the light of the discussions regarding to the establishment of Pakistan. The main drive of this religion-based division (which there were many other reasons but the public in the first scene had this division as Muslim and non-Muslim division), the role of Turks as they managed Hindu publics for many years in calm and peace are presented in this study as an abstract but mainly in the introduction part. In this context, together with the conflicts taking place in 1857, the developments that the Colonial Britain actually caused by the handling of the administration and its applications were briefly mentioned at the beginning. The birth of the independence idea between the Muslims and the non-Muslims, the development of this idea, as well as the non-Muslim people had developed a variety of movements. These movements began to become politicized and united around the All India Congress established in 1885, therefore, "Hindu nationalism" started to get shaped. Similarly, as a result of the activities performed by Islamic public in the name of 'religious recovering', the unity of the ummah tended to unite in the political arena and eventually it was united around the All India Muslim League from 1906. These all will be the subjects of the first part in this study. Meanwhile, the ongoing debates and Muslims started to unify and integrate the non-Muslim people around a political mission. In other words, it began to create a "united Hindu nationalism" movement. Opinions on these issues are presented in this section, as well. As for the second part, it will present the following: the efforst to act together between Muslims and non-Muslims, the Britsih politics of deepening the division between the people despite the fact of all the efforts to provide an institutionalization for above mention efforts, and, all the developments arising with this animosity of this policy. The Caliphate occurred in the meanwhile, No-Co-operation movements against the British, the seperation of Bengal idea from different people, Morley-Minto Reforms, Rowlat Law, Simon Commission and Round Table Conferences, the 1935 Constitution, the conflict which started in the dynamical political environment occurred in 1937 elections are all attempted to be evaluated in this study. Therfore, the activities conducted by some pioneer leaders of the Hindu Indepementence movement such as Mahadma Gandhi, Muhammed Ali Jinnah, Ikbal Jayaharlal Nehru, Mevlana Azad and the effects of these activities on the other parts of the soceity are revealed. The years between 1940 and 1947 mean an important time period in the World when lots of important incidents happened. The position of the British in the process, the decision to create a new political organization and field in the name of Pakistan in 1940, Simla Conference, the arrangement of the 945 elections to make the separation even more visible in the peninsula are given in the third part as Hindu peninsula got separated into Pakistan Islam Republic and Republic of India. In this context, it is clearly presented the imperialist intentions tried to hide the truth which is the people of India as Muslims or non-Muslims have been living together in peace in years. As the emergence of the two emerging political entities was expected to develop normally, it soon turned out that this would unlikely happen. There is a need occurred for a new part in the study due to the establishment of border issues cabins, the current status and the future of local administrators with the so-called autonomous structure, hunger, poverty etc. to be examined. Therefore, the political, economic and socio-cultural problems emerging after the partition will be the subject of the fourth chapter in this study. The division of Pakistan – India, although the subject was the people belonging to the same religion, could not realize many aspects such as cultural diversification problems, minorities, migration, settlement, property as these people came from different cultures and this diversity could not be overcome in response to the unification. On the other hand, the region happened to be a big conflict zone and it still is considered as a potential instability zone.