أحكام الأوبئة والأمراض – دراسة فقهية معاصرة

The subject of the study revolves around explaining the role of the purposes of Islamic law in epidemics and diseases that afflict humanity, and solving many calamities that afflict societies in a time of many calamities and developments. In it, pandemics and diseases brought about a radical change in most social and economic affairs and issues, even religious ones. These epidemics and diseases raised new questions, the greatest calamity is what was related to the law of infection and deadly diseases. So the mujtahid must look at a contemporary intentional view of these epidemics, and a disciplined ijtihad in which there is an accurate description and correct adaptation of these calamities, in order to preserve the human soul, achieve the interests of the people, and ward off harm from them, from all of the above, the importance of this study comes from explaining the rule of Sharia in epidemics and emerging diseases. In order to achieve the objectives of the study: the researcher followed the analytical descriptive approach in reviewing the sayings of jurists and fundamentalists on the issue of calamities, and discussing and analyzing these opinions in order to clarify the legal ruling on the issue of epidemics and emerging diseases in the light of the purposes of Islamic law. The most important conclusions of the study are: the flexibility of Islamic law and its ability to contain developments and pandemics, absorb calamities, and find effective solutions to them and address them when needed. It is obligatory for the mujtahid and whoever holds the reins of fatwa to take care of the objectives in emergencies of epidemics and diseases and not to cross the limits of the Sharia, in order to be closer to health and safety. Preventive medicine is an authentic Quranic and Prophetic approach based on purity and personal hygiene, preserving the environment, treating infectious diseases, and avoiding mixing, so that people protect themselves from the scourge of these epidemics and diseases. Sharia also decides, in the light of its purposes related to epidemics, that self-preservation takes precedence over the purpose of preserving religion, and the public interest takes precedence over the private, and therefore the harm must be paid by quarantining the injured and those with infectious diseases, and preventing them from attending and witnessing congregational prayers, or mixing in public places, also, the tolerance of Islamic law and the contemporary view to lift people's embarrassment allowed medication, suspended the witnesses of congregational prayers, and permitted the use of alcoholic sterilizers when needed, likewise, preserving cleanliness, purity, preserving the environment, and the legality of hand-washing are among the duties that fall on the shoulders of every taxpayer, and the preservation of the individual and society in these duties. Keywords: jurisprudence, epidemics, diseases, calamities, jurisprudence of purposes, corona.