Investigation of thepossibility of making haylage at different dry matter levels by acid treatment of unmarketable watermelons and peanut fruit shells

The aim of this study is to produce watermelon puree obtained by chopping the skin, seeds and flesh of waste watermelons together, with and without HCl additive, dry peanut shell with water absorption feature in the silo, and silage/haylage material containing %40 and %50 dry matter and to explore the possibility of ensiling. Group 0-40 to the group containing %40 DM without HCl, Group 0-50 to the group containing %50 DM without adding HCl, Group A-40 to the group containing %40 DM with HCl added, Group A with %50 DM adding HCl The A-50 Group is named. Four replications were made in each group. 4 replications were made in each group. The number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, mold and yeast, and the nutrient levels of silage/haylage were determined in peanut shell, fresh watermelon, silage/haylage material and silages produced in this study. The density of silage/haylages, their DLG scores, fleig scores, and PH levels were determined. The number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was 6.15 log10cfu/g higher in peanut shell than in waste watermelon. The number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the %40 and %50 DM silage material was found to be insignificantly lower than in the peanut shell and waste watermelon. When HCl was added to the silage/haylage material before ensiling, the number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria decreased in the %40 group and increased in the %50 group. While 5.57 log10cfu/g yeast was found in the peanut shell and 5.89 log10cfu/g mold was found, it was not detected in fresh watermelon samples. In silage/haylage materials with %40 and %50 DM, yeast count was higher than fresh watermelon and slightly lower than peanut shell. Mold count was higher than fresh watermelon and lower than peanut shell. A higher mold count was detected in the silage/haylage material with %50 DM than that of %40 DM. It was observed that HCl additive was not effective on yeast and mold counts. The number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the silage/haylage samples was lower than the silage/haylage materials, and yeast and mold were not detected. A total aflatoxin level of 6.77 ppb was determined in the aflatoxin analysis made in the peanut shell. The highest value in total aflatoxin was determined in Aflatoxin B1. In fresh watermelon puree, negligible low levels of aflatoxin B1 were detected. No clear effect of dry matter levels of silage/haylage materials on aflatoxin levels was observed. It was determined that it was higher in the groups that added HCl. It was observed that aflatoxin levels were almost non-existent in silage and haylage samples in all groups. It was determined that the crude ash and crude oil levels in silage/haylage were higher in the group with %40 KM. Crude oil level in silage/haylage increased with HCl addition in the groups. Crude protein levels were found to be higher in groups with %50 KM than in groups with %40 KM. It was determined that the crude cellulose level was higher in the groups with %50 KM compared to the groups with %40 KM. It was determined that the crude cellulose ratio was lower in the groups that added HCl than in the groups that did not. It was observed that the level of non-nitrogenous substance was also higher in the group with %50 KM in which HCl was added, compared to the level of non-nitrogenous substance. It is seen that the energy level of silages with %40 dry matter level in research silages is higher than that of silages containing %50 KM. It was determined that the energy levels were higher in silage/haylage containing both %40 and %50 KM produced by treatment with HCl. It was determined that the densities of the groups with %50 KM were lower than the groups with %40 KM. The pH values of the groups with %40 KM were also lower than the %50 KM groups. It was observed that all groups got the same score in the scores given as a result of the physical examination according to the criteria in the DLG key. Groups with %50 KM were found to have a higher fleig score than groups with %40 KM. However, in the evaluation made according to both DLG key and fleig score, it was determined that quality silage/haylages were produced in all research groups. As a result, it can be said that quality and safe %40 and %50 KM peanut shell silage/haylages with watermelon can be produced from two plant wastes in terms of nutrient composition, microbial and aflatoxin.