Investigation of neutrophil function markers in gingivally healthy individuals and periodontitis

Aim: Periodontal diseases begin with an inflammation of the host defense cells againist plaque and pathogenic bacteria. Neutrophils are one of the most important components of host defense cells. In this study, it was aimed to determine the neutrophil-spesific biomarker levels in GCF (gingival crevicular fluid) samples taken from healthy individuals and patients with gingivitis and periodontitis by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Method: Patients who did not have any systemic disease, who did not have any pregnancy status or suspicion, who did not smoke, and who agreed to participate in the study were included in this study. Participants consisted of four groups: healthy, diagnosed with gingivitis, patients diagnosed with periodontitis grade B and periodontitis grade C. Working groups; healthy group (9 female 6 male, group S), gingivitis group (9 female 6 male, group G), periodontitis grade B group (11 female 4 male, group G-B) and periodontitis grade C group (8 female 7 male, group G-C) was determined. Neutrophil biomarkers LFA-1, VLA-4, ICAM-1, PECAM-1, E-SELECTIN, L-SELECTIN, P-SELECTIN, IL-17 and DEL-1 in GCF samples taken from 60 patients in total. The levels were measured by the ELISA method. Findings: When the DEL-1, IL-17, PECAM-1, P-SELECTIN and LFA-1 levels between the groups were evaluated, nostatistically significant difference was found. ICAM-1 and E-SELECTIN levels; was found to be significantly higher in the peridontitis group compared to the healthy group. VLA-4 and L-SELECTIN levels were found to be significantly higher in the healthy group than in all other groups. Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that the levels of ICAM-1 and E-SELECTIN, which are involved in inflammation, increase in inflammatory diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. It was observed that VLA-4 and L-SELECTIN levels were higher in healthy tissues and decreased in case of inflammation. It was observed that DEL-1, IL-17, PECAM-1, P-SELECTIN and LFA-1 levels did not change in health or inflammation conditions.