Phenotyping and genotyping of phaseolus sp genotypes from chilling and freezing stress tolerance

Beans are cultivated in open areas for fresh or dry grains all over the country and beans are cultivated in greenhouses for fresh consumption purposes in winter. Chilling (temperatures below 10 ° C) and freezing stress (temperatures below 0 ° C) are considered to be the most important stress factors limiting the production of the plant during generations in the late spring and early autumn. Tolerant varieties to be developed by utilizing plant genetic resources are of great importance for ensuring safe production. In this study, it was aimed to develop chilling and freezing tolerant varieties using Phaseolus vulgaris species containing 130 genotypes including ecotypes collected from high altitudes. The bean genetic resources were tested at seedling stage for chilling stress at 0 oC, at 5 oC and for freezing stress at -3 oC at cell and plant level in the climate chambers. Genotypes subjected to chilling and freezing stress were subjected to selection by performing measurements of cell membrane stability, chlorophyll measurement, leaf color and visual scale (cold damage index) at seedling stage. As a result of the measurements made, it was determined that the most important criterion for determining the chilling and the freezing stress tolerance is the visual evaluation (cold damage index). Of the genotypes tested for freezing stress, 55 genotypes belonging to groups 1, 2 and 3 of the cold damage index were selected for further studies. The molecular characterization of the 55 score collection was determined by the Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) method. Molecular characterization studies were performed using 27 ISSR primers to generate the dominant data. In total, 211 DNA fragments were scored, 109 of which were polymorphic. Future field and greenhouse adaptation studies using selected genetic resources will provide safer crops in early spring and late autumn and winter with the development of fresh bean varieties tolerant to chilling and freezing stress.