Co-pyrolysis of heavy crude oil with olive pomace

In this study, individual and co-pyrolysis study was carried out in a fixed bed reactor with olive pomace obtained from olive oil production facilities operating in Iskenderun district and Western Raman origin heavy crude oil sample. In order to determine the change tendencies of the yield values of the products depending on the temperature and also to determine the optimal pyrolysis temperature value for the highest efficiency liquid product under 10 o C/minute heating rate conditions and between 400-600 o C in 5 different temperature values and under the same conditions 3 repetitions A series of pyrolysis processes were carried out and the average yield values were calculated for the products obtained, resulting in the highest liquid product yield values at 500 o C pyrolysis temperature, and also it was found that this temperature value was consistent with TG analysis results. Subsequently, both individual and pyrolysis process was carried out under conditions of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 (heavy crude oil / pomace, by mass) mixing ratios with 500 o C optimal pyrolysis temperature and 10 o C / min heating rate to determine whether a synergistic effect occurs during co-pyrolysis of pomace and heavy crude oil sample. As a result of these studies, the percentage efficiency (%, wt) values and the difference of theoretical yield and experimental yield values were calculated for each product, The results reveal that while the liquid product yield decreases at the mixture ratio values higher than the ɸ = 0.7, generally the gas and solid product yields increased and it was seen that the strongest synergistic effect in terms of liquid product yield difference was realized at the mixture ratio value of 0.7. Characterization studies (Physicochemical, FT-IR and GS-MS) on individual pyrolysis liquids under the same pyrolysis conditions as the liquid product obtained under optimal mixing ratio (ɸ = 0.70) conditions in order to evaluate the effect of the synergistic effect on product structure and quality, which is the main purpose of the study. Physicochemical analysis results show that the co-pyrolysis liquid product has higher maltene and lower asphaltene content compared to the individual pyrolysis liquid of dry pomace. In addition, as a result of the calculations, a difference of 11.13% between the experimentally obtained percentage maltene content value (93.68%) and the calculated (theoretical) maltene content value (82.55%) during the co-pyrolysis process shows that there is a positive synergistic effect on maltene yield. With the FT-IR 7 analysis, it was found that a synergistic effect occurred on the chemical content-type distribution of the liquid products during the co-pyrolysis, and the liquid products were found to be rich in organic compound type and variety. On the other hand, as a result of GS-MS, it was seen that the co-pyrolysis liquid product have low oxygenate and high hydrocarbon (alkanes, alkenes and benzene derivatives) content distribution, and. Also, it was observed that the concentration of polycyclic aromatic compound (5.52%) in copyrolysis maltene higher than the pyrolytic malten fraction of heavy crude oil and it was seen that the analysis results were compatible with each other. As a result, the liquid product obtained by co-pyrolysis technology has a high content of high value-added hydrocarbons but low content distribution in terms of oxygen and nitrogen content, which are undesirable elements. These considerations suggest that the co-pyrolysis liquid product is superior in character to the individual pyrolysis liquid product. This positive co- pyrolysis liquid product;, it was concluded that it can be considered as a cost-effective alternative raw material loading for the production of industrial products such as phenol-formaldehyde or phenolic resins produced by using various petrochemicals and partially expensive petroleum-based phenol as raw materials due to its rich organic compound content