The relationship between technological self-efficacy and awareness of digital transformation (Industry 4.0) within the framework of the theory of planned behavior

The transformation initiated by industrial revolutions has introduced a new era, known as Industry 4.0, characterized by digitalization and automation. The integration of physical and digital systems has significantly altered production methods, enhancing flexibility and efficiency in industrial practices. This transformation is accelerated by technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, and cloud computing, which are reshaping global competition by redefining production technologies and business models. Numerous countries and companies globally are adopting Industry 4.0 to gain competitive advantages. Governments are promoting industrial transformation by strengthening digital infrastructure and modernizing traditional processes. In Turkey, adopting Industry 4.0 is viewed as a strategic move to enhance global competitiveness, focusing on improving industrial infrastructure, supporting R&D, and developing a skilled workforce. This study examines the adoption levels of Industry 4.0 among computer engineering students at Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, considering subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, attitudes, intentions, and digital literacy. The research aims to explore the impact of Industry 4.0 on human capital and provide insights into the attitudes and intentions influencing the digital transformation process. Data was collected from 362 participants using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Findings indicate that subjective norms and attitudes positively influence Industry 4.0 adoption intentions, while perceived behavioral control has limited impact. The technical dimension of digital literacy affects intentions, whereas social and cognitive dimensions do not. Digital literacy and positive attitudes enhance students' intentions to adopt Industry 4.0, highlighting the need for further research.