Historical depth of populist-authoritarian tendency: Sample cases of Hungary and USA

This study deals with the relationship between populism and democracy, which has recently become one of the main problems in international politics, and aims to explain the role of neoliberalism in this regard with Braudel's philosophy of history. The main problem of the study is to reveal the historical causality of the populist democracy form that deeply affects international relations. At this point, the transformation of production relations and, accordingly, democracy, with the Industrial Revolution is discussed. The study, by considering the evolution of international politics with the Industrial Revolution in three main trends, based the political history narrative on the neoliberal break by starting with the 18th century. After the description of populism, the populist trend that emerged in the USA and Hungary in the 2010s was tried to be revealed by the method of discourse analysis. The problems created by the neoliberal break and the comfort zone it created for populism were examined through the discourses of Donald Trump and Victor Orban on immigration, xenophobia and foreign policy. The main emphasis in the study is on how neoliberalism's power to transform the state, interstate relations and state apparatuses affects the form of populist democracy.