The role of antimullerian hormone and related miRNAs in etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia

Aim: Preeclampsia is one of the most common complications during pregnancy and is the most important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is an important step to elucidate the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia, preventing the disease and developing treatment methods, and will have important contributions to both maternal and perinatal health. In our study, we aimed to investigate the role of fetal sex and related regulatory genes AMH, AMHIIR, VEGF and microRNA-26, microRNA-126, microRNA-155 and microRNA-210 in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. Method: A total of 40 patients, including 20 preeclampsia and 20 control group patients, were included in the study. The expression levels of miR-26, miR-126, miR-210, miR-155, which are thought to be very important in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia, were determined using qPCR method in both maternal serum and placental tissue. Also, the expression levels of AMH, AMHIIR, VEGF genes in placental tissue were determined by both immunohistochemistry and qPCR methods. Results: In the immunohistochemical evaluation, it was found that AMH primary antibody, AMH receptor and VEGF antibody immunoreactivity decreased in syncytiotrophoblast cells of preeclampsia group; VEGF primary antibody immunoreactivity of endothelial cells decreased significantly in the preeclampsia group, and the expression of VEGF in the extra-embryonic mesoderm region of the placenta was significantly different in the control and preeclampsia groups. In qPCR analyzes performed on samples obtained from placental tissue, it was found that AMH and AMHIIR mRNA gene expression significantly increased in preeclampsia group; VEGF mRNA gene expression was shown to be significantly decreased in the preeclampsia group. As a result of qPCR analysis for miRNAs in samples taken from serum and placenta; miR-26 expression significantly increased in serum samples in the preeclampsia group, and decreased significantly in placenta samples; miR-126 expression decreased significantly in serum but there was no significant difference in placental expression; It was found that miR-155 and miR-210 expression increased significantly in both serum and placenta samples. Conclusion: In our study, various molecules which are thought to be associated in the ethiopathogenesis of preeclampsia were investigated in both maternal serum and placenta. As a result, it is thought that microRNA molecules may be a marker for early recognition of preeclampsia. In addition, both AMH, AMHIIR, VEGF mRNA genes and microRNAs, which are isolated from placental tissue samples and whose expressions are evaluated, are thought to be molecules associated with preeclampsia etiopathogenesis. There are different findings about these novel molecules in literatüre. But since they are new molecules and there are limited data about them, more comprehensive research is needed.