The prevalence and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Kirkuk/Iraq

Listeria monocytogenes has been detected in diverse settings, such as those characterized by reduced temperature, acidic pH, and elevated levels of salt. The aforementioned gram-positive bacterium, which is transmitted through food, poses a significant threat to public health. It is known to cause opportunistic infections that have a mortality rate of around 30%. Furthermore, it has been observed to negatively impact the pregnancy processes of women. To assess the situation in Kirkuk resulting from the bacterium, a sample of vaginal swabs and urine was obtained from a cohort of 50 female patients aged between 15 and 45 years who presented with symptoms of illness at Kirkuk State Hospital during the period spanning November 2021 to March 2022. The findings of the current investigation indicate that 21.43% of females diagnosed with urinary tract infections exhibited positive L. monocytogenes cultures. Conversely, it was ascertained that a positive culture of L. monocytogenes was present in 18.18% of women diagnosed with vaginitis. The findings were validated through the utilization of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. The findings of the molecular detection of the virulence factor indicate that the gene expression for hlyA, plcA, and actA was detected through RT-PCR. The administration of two distinct antibiotics (Amikacin, Meropenim) and Garlic Oil in the treatment resulted in a discernible tendency towards a reduction in gene expression. The present investigation highlights the significance of identifying the risk factors associated with the incidence of miscarriage in women and L. monocytogenes infection in Iraq. This knowledge is crucial for devising efficacious strategies for the management and containment of listeriosis infection. Increasing PCR use has been shown to reduce L. monocytogenes infection in pregnant women, particularly in Iraq.