The effect of local and systemic zoledronic acid application on osseointegration of titanium implants with and without primary stabilization

The primary stabilization (PS) is defined as initial tight fit during the surgical placement of the implant and is essential for successful osseointegration. Tight implant placement is quite difficult in cases where bone quality and quantity are insufficient. Zoledronic acid (ZA) is a powerful bisphosphonate that prevents bone resorption. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of local and systemic zoledronic acid application on osseointegration in titanium implants with and without primary stabilization. For this purpose, the subjects were divided into two main groups as PS (+) (n = 24) and PS (-) (n = 24). These main groups were divided into control (n = 8), 2mg / 1mL local zoledronic acid (n = 8) and 0.1 mg / kg systemic zoledronic acid (n = 8) groups. All of the subjects were sacrificed after a 4-week recovery period. Bone implant connection of the samples was analyzed according to the non-decalcified histological analysis method. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups with and without primary stabilization in terms of bone implant connection percentages and groove occupancy percentages (p <0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between zoledronic acid-treated groups in terms of bone implant connection percentages and groove occupancy rate (p <0.05). The common effect of primary stabilization and zoledronic acid use on the percentage of bone implant connection is statistically significant (p <0.05). The common effect of primary stabilization and acid type on groove fill percentage was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). According to our study results, it can be said that systemic and local administration of zoledronic acid may increase implant osseointegration. Keywords: primary stabilization, osseointegration, bisphosphonates, zoledronic acid, dental implant