Evaluation of Cyclin D1 and Stathmin-1 expression in prostate carcinoma

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men with hormonal factors that play a role in the pathology, usually developing in patients over 50 years of age. Cyclin D1 (CD1) is a protein that is thought to play a role in the early stages of tumorigenesis by shortening the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Overexpression of this protein has been associated with poor prognosis and increased tumor burden in some cancers. Stathmin-1 (STMN1) has been shown to contribute to uncontrolled cell proliferation by targeting microtubules in the cell cycle. STMN1 expression has been associated with tumor aggressiveness in many cancers. In this study, we investigated the relationship between CD1, STMN1 expression and some clinicopathological parameters in patients with local and advanced prostate carcinoma. Thirty patients with local and advanced stage PCa followed by Fırat University Medical Oncology Department between 2009-2017 and 15 patients without PCa were included in the study. The pathology preparations of the cases were categorized as "Low" and ''High''expressions of CD1, STMN1 by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The relationship between the degree of expression and clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) of the cases was evaluated statistically with 95%confidence interval and p<0.05 statistical significance. In the study, both CD1 expression and STMN1 expression were lower in local PCa than in patients with metastatic PCa. CD1 expression was higher in metastatic cases than in local cases (p<0.05). OS was shorter in patients with high STMN1 expression, and a statistically significant negative correlation was found (p<0.05). Immunohistochemically; high levels of CD1 and STMN1 can be considered as promising new biomarkers that can be used to predict the presence of metastasis and OS in advanced prostate cancer cases. Keywords: Prostate carcinoma, metastasis, cyclin D1, stathmin-1