Protective effect of whey protein and N-acetylcysteine against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

Cisplatin is a renowned chemotherapy agent used to manage several types of cancer. However, its strong nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic side effects restrict its clinical application. This research aims to investigate the potential nephroprotective and hepatoprotective impact of whey protein and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in reducing the toxic effects of cisplatin on the kidney and liver. We induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in a rat model by administering cisplatin, with pre-and post-treatment using whey protein and NAC. Important parameters were measured, such as the biochemical markers alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine, as well as the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde and the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, histopathological analysis was performed to assess tissue injury. The outcomes revealed that whey protein and NAC effectively reduce cisplatin-induced liver and kidney damage. The strong antioxidant characteristics of whey protein reduced oxidative stress, and NAC increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Compared to the cisplatin-only group, biochemical parameters indicated improved liver and kidney function in the therapy groups. Histopathological examination showed less tissue damage, confirming the benefits of NAC and whey protein as nephroprotective agents. These results imply that the co-administration of whey protein and NAC presents a viable synergistic therapeutic strategy to guard against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin, hence improving its clinical utility in cancer treatment.