Investigate the character of PISA science questions with teacher questions for exams: A model proposal for expansion of PISA culture

The main reason of this thesis study is to understand the causes of Turkey's low position in these international rankings. There are many studies about the reasons behind the Turkey's low position in PISA science literacy test. Although there are many causes such as the comprehension and reasoning levels of students, and education level of parents are studied, research questions whether science teachers give lectures according to PISA or prepare PISA-type questions are understudied.In this respect, this thesis study is prepared by interviewing six science teachers who participated in in-service education seminars "Creating PISA Culture" and "Preparing Life-Based Questions" in Bursa and accepted to opt in this thesis study. Semi-structured interviews are conducted, and collected data are analyzed by content analysis. Also, one out of six teachers is observed for eight hours in order to determine whether lectures are in accordance with PISA culture. Data are analyzed by descriptive content analysis.Almost all interviewed teachers declared that they can recognize PISA-type questions and their perceptions has changed after the seminars, and assessed that students' efficiancies are not enough to use PISA-type questions in their exams. They state that they would like to participate future in-service education seminars. However, they have some suggestions for them. They indicate that a second in-service education seminar should start with a basic level, its content should be more comprehensive, and it should concentrate on implementations and question prepartion techniques. From these evaluations, A Model For Expansion of PISA Culture is proposed for a second in-service education seminar.