Evaluation of paraoxonase enzyme activity in girls diagnosed with Puberty Precox

Objective: Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) enzyme is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-related enzyme and has esterase and lactonase activity. The first identification of the PON-1 enzyme was as a preventive step against organophosphorus poisoning. The activity of the enzyme may change as a result of genetic polymorphisms in the coding (Q192R, L55M) region and promoter (T108C) region of the PON-1 gene. This enzyme, which plays a role in the formation mechanism of many diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases and cancer, also functions as an antioxidant against oxidative stress. In our study, we aimed to determine the relationship between precocious puberty and paraoxonase enzyme activity. When we looked at the literature, it was seen that the relationship between paraoxonase enzyme activity and various diseases has been investigated, but there is no previous study on pre-puberty. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between paraoxonase enzyme activity and precocious puberty. Methods: This study was planned as cross-sectional. Between 01/08/2022 and 01/05/2023, the rate of increase after the primary demand tests from the blood requested routinely in the policlinic control of girls aged 0-18 who applied to Balıkesir University Health Practice and Research Hospital Pediatric Endocrinology Polyclinics with the complaint of precocious puberty. The activity of PON-1 enzyme in blood samples was determined by spectrophotometric method. Results: 70 girls diagnosed with precocious puberty were included in our study. The mean age of these girls was 9.07 (4.53:17.10) years. The distribution of the complaints of the patients was respectively 29 (41.43%) breast enlargement, 24 (34.29%) pubic hair growth, 11 (15.7%) both pubic hair and breast enlargement, 6 (8.57 %) was menstruation. The distribution of diagnoses made after the examination and examination of the children were 46 (65.71%) with central precocious puberty, 15 (21.42%) with premature pubarche, and 9 (12.85%) with premature thelarche. The distribution of the median age of onset of complaints differs according to the diagnosis groups. Median age distribution (min:max) is 7.50 (2.50:10.90) years in SPP without treatment; 7.70 (0.50:9.98) years in SPP receiving treatment; 7.70 (7.10:7.90) years in premature thelarche; In premature pubarche, it is 7.20 (3.30:7.90) years old. It is seen that the age of onset of complaints is lower in the premature pubarche group, which includes variants of the normal and does not require treatment. It is observed that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between PON-1 activity and weight percentile, bone age, and tanner stage pubarche (p=0.001, r=-0.310; p=0.009, r=-0.383; p=0.005, r=- respectively). 0.329). There is no statistically significant relationship between Pont 1 activity and height percentile, target height percentile, age at complaint onset, calendar age, tanner stage thelarche, LH level, estradiol level, LF/FSH, B12 level, 25 OH vitamin D, ferritin, Hb, maternal age at menarche. Compared to the control group, PON1 activity was found to be higher in sick individuals. Conclusion: In our study, in which we aimed to determine the relationship between paraoxonase enzyme activity and precocious puberty and saw that there was no similar study in the literature before, there was no statistically significant difference in PON-1 activity between the untreated SPP, treated SPP, premature thelarche, premature pubarche and control groups (p = 0.453). More studies are needed to investigate the relationship between paraoxonase enzyme and precocious puberty, bone age, and pubarche. Keywords: Early puberty, precocious puberty, paraoxonase enzyme, PON-1