Effects of Stemregen® as host modulation thearpy on experimentally induced apical periodontitis in rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of host modulation therapy provided with Stemregen® nutritional supplement in addition to routine nutrition on inflammation/resorption processes due to apical periodontitis in rats. In our study, rats; They were divided into 3 groups: Negative Control group (n=7), Positive Control group (n=10), Stemregen® (Stem) group (n=10). In order to induce apical periodontitis formation in the positive control and Stem groups, pulp exposure was created in the lower right first molars of the subjects on the 0th day of the study. All rats were sacrificed on the 30th day of the experiment. Serum phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated in the biochemical analyzes of blood samples. In the histopathological analysis of tissue samples, osteoblastic activity, osteoclastic activity, inflammation, fibrosis and abscess densities; Concentrations of receptor activator factor kappa B (NF-kB) ligand (RANKL), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were evaluated in immunohistochemical analyzes. Statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) 22 package program. The P value of the positive control group was significantly lower than that of the negative control group and Stem group (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of serum ALP and Ca levels (p>0.05). The osteoblastic activity of the negative control group was found to be significantly lower than that of the Stem and positive control groups (p=0.005). The osteoclastic activity of the positive control group was found to be statistically higher than the negative control group (p=0.032). The inflammation level of the positive control group was found to be significantly higher than that of the Stem and negative control groups (p<0.001). When the groups were compared for fibrosis, the incidence of fibrosis in the negative control group was found to be statistically significantly lower than in the Stem and positive control groups (p<0.001). Abscess formation was found to be significantly lower in the stem and negative control groups than in the positive control group (p<0.001). When the groups were evaluated in terms of OPG levels, the OPG levels of the negative control group were found to be statistically lower than those of the positive control and Stem groups (p=0.005). The RANKL concentration of the positive control group was significantly higher than the negative control group (p=0.032). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of TRAP (+) cell levels (p=0.071). Based on the findings of this study, it can be stated that inflammation and bone destruction in apical periodontitis can be suppressed with Stemregen® supplementation, and Stemregen® can support a faster apical repair process. However, extensive studies are needed in this area. Keywords: Apical periodontitis, Stemregen®, Host modulation, Rat