Occupational safety application in rail systems: İstanbul T1 and T4 tramway example

With the rapid increase in the population in our country and in the world, the number of vehicles is also increasing rapidly, which brings along the traffic problem. In order to eliminate or minimize the traffic problem, smart transportation systems such as trams and subways are used to facilitate and streamline transportation in many metropolitan cities of the world. For example, more than two million passengers a month use the tram line in Istanbul. It is very important to take occupational safety measures of this tram line in order not to cause loss of life and property of passengers. While the tram lines are being built, occupational safety measures should be taken and required work safety practices should be done during the operation. Accidents such as crashing and falling while getting off or getting on the trams occur. The use of platform separator door systems for passengers while getting on or off the train can be shown as a sample practice in occupational health and safety on the tram line. Furthrmore, the control of emergency exit doors, the supply of warning signs to missing places, and taking measures to eliminate accidents caused by contact with trams and vehicles or pedestrians are among the occupational safety practices. To minimize or eliminate such accidents, risk assessment, which is one of the occupational health and safety practices, is applied. For this purpose, risk assessment methods such as Fine-Kinney, FMEA, Rıdley, 5x5 Matrix, and FTA were used. In the 5X5 Matrix method, sure risk of 85%, significant risk of 5%, serious risk of 10%; in the Fine-Kinney method, sure risk of 25%, significant risk of 45%, serious risk of 20%, very high risk of 10%; in FMEA method, low risk of 55%, medium risk of 25%, high risk of 20%; in Ridley method, low risk of 15%, medium risk of 25%, high risk of 60% were obtained. When the risk values were compared, it is seen that the Fine-Kinney method gave more accurate results, the probability and severity values of the FMEA method were clearer and more detailed, and the 5x5 Matrix method was more healthy to use for preliminary preparation. The Rıdley analysis method, on the other hand, causes some problems in determining the number of people to be affected. In addition, fault tree analysis, which is among the qualitative risk methods, was performed and it was found that it takes a long time than other methods, but is suitable for complex systems.