Relationship between logic and metaphysics in Suhrawardi: A study centered on Hikmat al-İshraq

The aim of the study is to examine the efforts of the Peripatetic (Meşşai) and Illuminationist (İşrâkî) traditions in establishing Eastern Philosophy/Wisdom of Illumination (Hikmet-i İşrâk) within the context of the demonstrative method (burhan) during the formative period of Islamic philosophy. By focusing on the classification in the foundational Peripatetic tradition, which begins with the discipline of logic (Mantıkiyyat) and extends to natural sciences (Tabiiyyat), mathematics (Riyaziyyat), and metaphysics (İlahiyat), the study aims to rationalize the rational and irrational domains through logical principles—identity and non-contradiction—thereby exposing the inconsistency of fallacies and absurd conclusions. The founder of the Illuminationist tradition, Suhrawardî, in his work Hikmat al-Ishrâq (The Philosophy of Illumination), constructs the relationship between language, thought, and logic and elaborates on this within the framework of principles. After this detailed analysis, he grounds his metaphysical vision, which signifies the advancement of the Peripatetic tradition to a higher level and the establishment of a unique philosophical tradition. In constructing the relationship between God, the universe, and humanity, the study operates on the premise that the truths of reason are related to a domain where their contradiction is inconceivable. By employing the demonstrative method (burhan), it is believed that potential issues arising from dialectical methods (cedel/diyalektik) can be overcome. While investigating the Necessary Existent (Vacibü'l-vücud), which does not depend on any other being for its existence, through the demonstrative method, the study will analyze the problems that may arise from conflicting interpretations of principles across different times, places, and languages in the context of theology and civil sciences. These principles, which ensure the attainment of happiness (tahsilu's-saade), will be examined in terms of rational truth and factual truth.