Color image watermarking using SFC

Just like the watermarks that occur in handmade paper production, a digital watermark, as an integral part of the image, stores information about who owns the digital image. In the literature, good results were obtained in terms of robustness and imperceptibility in watermarking with the methods developed recently. These methods were initially proposed for grayscale images and then applied to color images. Grayscale images are represented by real matrices. Methods developed for digital image watermarking use this matrix representation of the image. Color images are often represented by 3D tensors. In order to apply these watermarking methods to color images, these tensors are somehow converted to real matrices. Sometimes the image is converted to a matrix with quaternion inputs, or the methods are generalized to work with tensors. In this thesis, we have transformed the color images into complex matrices with the help of the generalized Sierpiński curve. In this way, color images have been transformed into matrices with scalar inputs as well as grayscale images. Therefore, many technics used for watermarking such as DCT, DWT, SVD, could be applied to color images without the need for any modifications.