Research of nuclear waste management and technoeconomical analyses

In short, nuclear energy is the energy derived from a large amount of heat caused by the fragmentation of the atom. When obtaining nuclear energy, fisyon and fusion reactions appear. It is trying to capture the nuclear energy technology that is rising day by day in Turkey by following the countries that have developed more developed in this field. Turkey, which does not have any energy-generating nuclear reactors other than TR-1 and TR-2 research reactors for nuclear energy technology, has signed protocols with Russia and Japan to work in this field and has commissioned Akkuyu Nuclear Inc. with the Russians. Fuel rods will be used when obtaining nuclear energy and nuclear waste will occur. Waste management and disposal are also very important for recycling. Recycling of waste is important in order to prevent situations that will harm the environment. Two types of waste are occurring in nuclear power plants. These are called low-level and high-level waste. Low-level waste can be easily processed and destroyed. High-activity fuels are fuel rods. Used fuel rods are stored in pools near the reactor. Used fuels contain 97% nuclear-worthy substances. Two methods are used for nuclear fuels: open and closed cycle. Fuels used in open cycles are considered direct waste. In the closed cycle, radioactive useful substances in used fuel are re-inserted into the cycle. Open cycle is more economical than closed cycle. In this study, general and up-to-date information on nuclear power, radioactivity and nuclear power plants in Turkey and around the world will be given. Nuclear studies in Turkey will be examined in a comparative manner; fuel types, fuel reserves and availability of these reserves, costs and recommendations for storage or disposal of nuclear waste in more appropriate ways will be presented.