Waqf and ibtida in the context of the Rasm al-Mushaf

Arabs have been sensitive to the subject of foundation in both poetry and prose. As can be seen in many examples when examined in the context of Arabic grammar or examples from the Quran, it is important to foundation in the right place and in the right way in order to understand the wording and meaning correctly. In this sense, in order to foundation in the right place and in the right way, it is necessary to know the rules of resmu'l-mushaf and resmu'l-mushaf such as extra, hazf, hemze, ibdâl, maktu' and mevsûl. Because in resmu'l-mushaf, if the terminological calligraphy within the framework of the rules we mentioned is not known, the reader may express letters that are not valid in recitation during foundation or wasl. Similarly, when the reader is not familiar with the subjects of maktu' and mavsûl rules, he may make the mistake of foundation in the middle of the word. When a person reads the Quran, he/she should choose the right place of foundation by considering the meaning of the sentence and the analogy and terminology of Resm'ul-Mshaf when he/she wants to make a foundation. So that the meaning of the sentence is not damaged by the foundation made in the wrong place. Therefore, foundation generally causes changes at the end of the word. For this reason, when the reader makes a foundation on a word, he/she should also pay attention to the way of foundation. Similarly, the reader should also pay attention to where and how to start the sentence. In this context, considering Resm'ul-Mshaf and its rules is important for foundation and initiation. In addition, it is possible to approach the subject of foundation in two ways; First, Knowing the Place of Foundation and Initiation: This part of foundation is about the meaning and is related to separating the sentence within itself. Since this aspect of the subject of foundation is related to meaning, it is also called vakf-ı manevi and vakf-ı nahvî because it complies with the subjects of grammar science. Scholars have generally divided this part of vakf and ibtidâ into four parts as tam, kâfi, hasan and kabîh. Second, Knowing the Nature of Foundation: With this part of foundation, the changes that occur in the word when vakf is applied at the end of the word are learned. This form of foundation is called vakf-ı lafzî because it is related to the word, and vakf-ı sarı because it is a subject related to the science of spending. In this context, the recitation imams and Arabic linguists have made foundations on the word with iskân, revm, işmam, ibdâl, nakl, idğam, hazf, isbât and ilhak. There have been differences of opinion between the reciter and linguist regarding the characteristics of this foundation. On the other hand, the reciter also put forward different opinions among themselves. In this study, the Resmu'l-Mushaf, its rules, and in this context, the subjects of foundation and initiation in terms of their types and application qualities will be discussed in detail.