Investigation of antigenotoxic effects of Resveratrol in Drosophila melanogaster

In this study, the antigenotoxic effects of Resveratrol was tested using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster against three mutagens (EMS, 4-NQO and K2Cr2O7) which causes genotoxicity with different mechanisms. SMART is a reliable assay to detect a broad range of genetic alterations in a rapid and inexpensive way. In this study, the larvae were treated both pre and simultaneous exposure. For the pre-treatment study; second instar trans-heterozygous larvae were exposed to Resveratrol doses (1, 5 and 10 mM), after 24 hours later they were exposed three different mutagenic chemical (EMS, 4-NQO and K2Cr2O7). For simultaneous treatments 3-day old larvae were exposed Resveratrol concentrations and mutagenic chemicals simultaneously. The effects of these mutagens were evaluated according to genetic changes (point mutation, deletion, non-disjunction, and recombination) in wing imaginal disc cells that lead to the formation of mutant trichomes. Evaluation was done according to the classification (small single spot, large single spot, twin spot, total mwh and total spot) developed by Graf et al. Simultaneously given 1, 5 and 10 mM doses of Resveratrol produced a strong antigenotoxic activity against K2Cr2O7. Similarly simultaneous treatments 5 and 10 mM doses of Resveratrol showed antigenoticity against EMS, while 1 mM dose induced small amount o genotoxic actions in a very small amount. On the one hand, 1 and 5 mM doses of Resveratrol reduced the total spot numbers produced by 4-NQO, 10 mM dose of Resveratrol increased the total spot numbers. In pre-treatments, while 1, 5 and 10 mM doses of Resveratrol produced a strong antigenotoxic activity against K2Cr2O7 and EMS. 1 and 10 mM doses of Resveratrol increased the damage induced by 4-NQO however 5 mM dose of Resveratrol reduced that damage. Our results indicate that protective effect of Resveratrol against genotoxic damage caused by EMS and K2Cr2O7 is higher in pre-treatment compared to simultaneously treated larvaes. Consequently, Resveratrol exerts antigenotoxic activity against to EMS and K2Cr2O7 in D. melanogaster however it produces conflicting results against 4-NQO genotoxicity.