İran Devrimi ve Şiizmin tarihselliği

Iranian Revolution and the Historicality of Shiism Iranian Revolution (1979) is known within the literature of social sciences as the "Islamic Revolution". In this study, Iranian Revolution will be discussed in relation to the concept of Islamic Revolution, within the frame of the historicality of Shiism. First, we will look at the discussions regarding the question of "what is revolution" and we will focus on the issue of how the concept is used both within the literature of social sciences and within Islamic sources. After making a definition of Islamic Revolution with reference to these discussions, Iranian Revolution will be analyzed both as continuity and as rupture, and the decisiveness of Shiism will be explained. The first chapter of this study demonstrates the parallelism between the historical development of the concept of revolution in Europe and the ways it is appreciated or discussed in Islamic sources. The second chapter will explain Shiism, which is a historical branch of Islam, not only as a religious sect, but also as a cultural language and a collective world of meaning. Within this scope, the historicality of Shiism will be explained with reference to the remarks of Martin Heidegger and Karl Marks and it will be emphasized that the power, which stirred Shiism on the way to 1979, was "revolutionary consciousness". The main point of the study is based upon a historical narrative, which is discussed under the title of Iranian Revolution within the third chapter. This chapter consists of three parts. The first part claims that the political culture of Iranians represents continuity with a tradition of protest, which is nearly a century old. This continuity will enable us to understand Iranian Revolution better. The second part explains the social opposition in between the years of 1977-1979, which is the most profound period of the revolutionary process. In this part, the struggles of workers, tradesmen and students, who were the main actors of the revolution, will be explained. In the third part, Iranian Revolution will be tried to be explained as a rupture and within this context, the contributions of Khomeini, who would establish the new administration, and the movement of mullah to the historicity in question will be represented. As a result, the answer to the question of "who is the agent of Iranian Revolution" will have been understood within the frame of the historicality of Shiism. As the dominant culture, Shiism mobilized the masses with the help of "revolutionary consciousness" and united different social groups in the idea of "Islamic Revolution" and "Islamic Regime".