Roma imparatorluğu döneminden Emevi dönemine: Şam Ulu Camii ve çevresindeki kentsel dokunun biçimlenişi

This research reconstructs the formation process of the Great Mosque of Damascus and the surrounding urban tissues by reinterpreting them as a result of continuous transition from Roman to Umayyad phases. The imperial palace mentioned in early sources, located within the church's enclosure requires further attention (Sack, 1989) as part of the Mosque resembles the layout of a Roman praetorium as well as the arrangement of the palace of Theodoric depicted in the mosaic of St. Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna (Camiz, 2008). Process-based morphological analysis (Maffei & Maffei, 2018) revealed that the temenos is part of a larger organisation derived from Roman headquarters (Burns, 2003). Similar arrangements of fortified enclosures located at the Strata Diocletiana with the parts of the Mosque and the surrounding urban fabrics supported the presence of partial transformations which took place during inter-transitional phases. Thus, this study hypothesizes that the temple's outer enclosure of the peribolos was enlarged during the empowerment of the military structures in the region under the reign of Emperor Diocletian in late 3rd century. The other part of the study investigates the pre-Islamic building forms and their transformation processes by analysing the current urban context including remaining monuments and examining other building variants in the Syrian region. This part of the study revealed that the inner architectural order of the western side of the Mosque is remarkably similar to the remains of the western arcades still visible outside the walled enclosure. Finally, this study represents phase plan diagrams on the transformation process of the Umayyad Mosque and the surrounding urban tissues by combining historical sources and synthetical morphological analysis observed on the current urban structure as well as the architecture form of the Great Mosque of Damascus.