Analysis of Romantic Period's violoncello repertoire based on school and samples

The aim of this study is to evaluate the Romantic Violoncello repertoire through schools and examples and to provide insights into the Romantic Period features from the perspective of al musicality, style, technique, genre, form". In this study, firstly, social, political and philosophical situations in the Romantic Period are explained and the conceptual background of the Romantic Period is defined. To limit the study Romantic Period German, French and Russian Schools are chosen and each countries' Romantic Period political, cultural and artistic developments and music styles are explained. The problem sentence of the study is 'What are the developmental characteristics of the cello repertoire regarding the Romantic Period?' Based on this problem sentence, two sub-problems are created. These sub-problems are: 'What are the technical developmental characteristics of the Romantic Cello repertoire?' and 'What are the musical developmental characteristics of the Romantic Cello repertoire?' Two pieces of the works of German, French and Russian schools of composers, which are accepted as the main schools of the Romantic Period, are identified and each musical and technical characteristic is analyzed with two different works of three composers. The study is designed in qualitative research method the general screening model. The findings of the study are evaluated by using descriptive analysis method which is one of the qualitative data analysis methods. The composers analyzed in terms of technic and musical according to their schools are Camille Saint Saens, Edward Elgar, Gabriel Faure, Eduard Lalo, Jean Louis Duport, Louise Farrenc, Charles Marie Widor from French School. Russion School composers are Mikhail Glinka, N.Rimsky Korsakov, Anton Rubinstein, P.I. Tchaikovsky, Karl Davydov, Sergey Rachmaninov, Anton Arensky, and German School composers are Robert Schumann, J.Brahms, David Popper, Friedrich Dotzaure, Georg Goltermann, Friedrich Gernsheim, Franz Schubert, Friedrich Grutzmacher. The meaningful findings reached in this study are: Camille Saint Saens who is from French school used more chromatic scale than other composers in her violoncello works, Tchaikovsky's violoncello works who is from Russian school have a longer structure than the other composers, Robert Schumann of the German school and Rachmaninov of the Russian school used the vibrato technique in the left hand more than the other composers. In the violoncello works of Karl Davydov from the Russian school, he used the right hand staccato bow technique more than the other composers. David Popper from the German school used the tremolo bow technique more often than the other composers in his violoncello works. Keywords: Romantic Period, Violoncello, Repertoire, School, Samples.