Text transcription and analysis of the History of Russia (Registered number 627 in the Topkapi Palace Library)

Peter I, who ascended the throne with his brother Ivan V in 1682, ruled the Russian Empire until 1725 after Ivan's death in 1696. He systematically continued the attempts made before him in the direction of the modernization and westernization of the Russian Empire, developed and put it into practice. He sent embassies to Europe and even found the opportunity to see the developments in the West on site by being included in these delegations. The aim of the reforms made during the reign of Tsar Peter was to make Russia a state in European standards. However, the innovations made in this period were radical reforms made without the participation of the Russian people. With these reforms, it was aimed to harmonize the Russian society with the European peoples. Tsar Peter, who aimed to bring his country to the extreme both socially and politically, realized that economic and commercial factors had to be against Russia in order to realize these ambitions. In this context, Tsar Peter was aware of the need to sail to warm seas. However, the Russian State was in a position stuck between the seas covered with glaciers in the north and the Black Sea, which was under the control of the Ottoman State in the south. It did not have a suitable port where it could reach the open seas and trade. The first act of Tsar Peter to reach the open seas was to besiege the Azov fortress. The Azov Castle, which was besieged in 1695, was taken over in 1696. With the Peace Treaty signed in Karlowitz with the Ottoman Empire in 1700, the Azov castle came under Russian rule and a two-year ceasefire was signed with the Ottoman Empire. After this truce, Petro turned to the Baltic countries and defeated the Swedish King at the Battle of Poltova in 1709. After this defeat, the Swedish King took refuge in the Bender Castle, which is on the border of the Ottoman Empire. The Russian army, following the Swedish King, crossed the Ottoman border and caused destruction. The Swedish King's request for asylum in the Ottoman Empire and the encroachments of the Russian army on the border caused a new Ottoman-Russian war. In 1711, the Ottoman Army besieged the Russian camp on the banks of the Prut River. Petro wanted to reach an agreement by submitting a request to negotiate with the Ottoman Empire. Due to Baltacı Mehmet Pasha's distrust of the Janissaries, the request for a meeting was accepted and the Prut Agreement was signed between the parties. As a result of this agreement, the Azov Castle was again under the control of the Ottoman State. After the Treaty of Prut made by the Ottoman Empire, Tsar Peter directed all his attention first to the northern countries and then to the geography of Iran. Tsar Peter, who besieged the Caspian region in 1722, was in constant contact with the states in the north and the Ottoman and Iranian giants in the south during his stay on the throne of Russia. Tsar Peter, who devoted almost his entire life to making the Russian Empire an active state, died in 1725. Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Russia, Persia, Czar Pedro