Determination of bioactive compounds of the plant salvia marashica

Salvia species belong to Lamiaceae (= Labiatae) family plants which are rich in terpenoids. Over 900 Salvia species grown throughout the world while there are 100 Salvia species in Turkey, 53 out of them being endemic to Turkey. Chemical profile of Salvia species have been studying by some of researchers from both Turkey and abroad. Secondary metabolites of Salvia species consist of terpenoids and steroids, flavonoids and other phenolics. They exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hepatotoxic, cytotoxic-antitumor activities due to the diterpenic and triterpenic constituents. It is also known that Salvia flavonoids to have antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. In this master thesis study, acetone and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Salvia marashica plant were prepared. The total phenolic amounts of these extracts were determined as pyrocatechol and total flavonoids equivalent to quercetin. Antioxidant activities were determined by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (β-carotene color expression), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radicals scavenging activity and CUPRAC methods, anticholinesterase activity by the Ellman method using aceylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. The triterpenoids and steroids constitute the major secondary metabolites of the Salvia marashica extracts which were isolated and purified and structures of the pure compounds were determined by various spectroscopic methods (mainly NMR, MS and UV) and totally 10 terpenoids were obtained from both dichloromethane+acetone and methanol extracts of Salvia marashica plant.Six of them were triterpenoids, elucidated as lupeol, lupeol-3-acetate, lup-12,20(29)-diene, lup-20(29)-ene, amyril-tetracosanoate, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid besides a steroid β-sitosterol. As 2 abietane diterpene, 3β-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene and 3β-hydroxy,18-acetoxymethylene-abieta-8,11,13-triene were obtained for the first time from nature.