Determination of secondary metabolites and biological activities of satureja pi̇losa and satureja i̇cari̇ca

The aim of this study is to evaluate the biological activities of Satureja pilosa and Satureja icarica plants and the detection of their secondary metabolites. The dichloromethane, acetone and methanol extracts of Saureja pilosa and Satureja icarica species being the two species of Satureja genus which is the member of Lamiacea Family that naturally grows in Turkey were taken consecutively from the regions of leaves and branches of the plants separately by the help of maceration and soxhalet devices. The method validation was done after that for every extract by developing an analytical technique for secondary metabolite quantifying and scanning with LC-HRMS. An analytical determination method was developed for fifty-nine secondary metabolites. In the acetone extracts of the S.icarica and S.pilosa; the rosmarinic acid was detected as the main phenolic component; besides this, hederagenin in the S.pilosa and S. icarica leaf extracts; penduletin in the dichloromethane extracts of the branches of S. pilosa and S. icarica and the (+) -trans taxifolin was detected as the seconder methabolite having the highest content. For every extract, acetylcholinestherase, butyrylcholinestherase and antioxidation activity experiments were performed. Among the determinations of anticholinestherase activities; the highest ACHe inhibition for S.pilosa plant was methanol extract of plant leaf with 87.5% in 200µg/mL concentration and the highest BCHe inhibition was the dichloromethane extract of the plant leaf with 72.6 % in 200µg/mL concentration. Galantamin was used as the positive control in the study and the values of ACHe and BCHe inhibition values in 200µg/mL concentration were detected as 89.5 % and 87.9% respectively. The highest ACHe inhibition for S. icarica plant was methanol extract of plant branch with 88.7 % in 200µg/mL concentration and the highest BCHe inhibition was the dicloromethane extract of the plant leaf with 70.2 % in 200µg/mL concentration. Galantamin was used as the positive control in the study and the values of ACHe and BCHe inhibition values in 200µg/mL concentration were detected as 89.5 % and 87.9% respectively. Total antioxidant apacity (TAC) of the extracts were measured by DPPH, CUPRAC and ABTS methods. Spectrophotometric TAC results correlated well with each other. SID-Ac-a extract was determined to have the highest TAC value according to three different methods. Although there were sufficient number of studies about the ethereal oils of Satureja pilosa and Satureja icarica plants; it was seen that there were no studies defining the secondary metabolites of these species in a wider extent. From this point of view this study possesses a higher degree of originality in terms of phitochemistry being the first study to define the secondary metabolites. Keywords: Satureja pilosa, Satureja icarica, secondary metabolite, LC-HRMS, AChE, BChE, antioxidant