The investigation of the intravenous lipid emulsion effect on experimental cypermethrin toxicity in rats

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) treatment on some toxicological, pathological, biochemical, and hematological parameters in cypermethrin (CYP) toxicity in rats. Material and Methods: Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, cypermethrin (CYP), cypermethrin+intravenous lipid emulsion (CYP+ILE), and cypermethrin+general treatment (CYP+GT). CYP toxicity was induced by a single oral dose of 450 mg/kg of cypermethrin. In the CYP+ILE group, 20% ILE (12.4 ml/kg) was administered intravenously for 10 minutes. For the CYP+GT group, activated charcoal (1-3 mg/kg), magnesium sulfate (1 g/kg) orally, and atropine (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were given. Blood samples were taken from anesthetized rats 24 hours after drug administration, and liver and kidney tissue samples were collected following euthanasia. Results: When oxidative stress parameters of tissues were evaluated, superoxide dismutase activities, glutathione levels, and catalase activities were found to be statistically higher, while malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels were found to be statistically lower in the CYP+ILE group compared to the CYP group in liver tissue. In kidney tissue, compared to the CYP group, only superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione levels were found to be statistically higher in the CYP+ILE group, with no significant difference found between other parameters. Considering the DNA damage caused by CYP, it was determined that the tail moment and tail density were significantly lower in the CYP+ILE group. When the biochemical parameters obtained from serum samples were evaluated, a significant difference was found between the CYP group and the CYP+ILE group in ALT and urea values, while no significant differences were found in other biochemical parameters. When hematological parameters were examined, hematocrit (%), hemoglobin (g/dl), and erythrocyte (ml/mm3) values were statistically lower in the CYP group compared to the control group, while the platelet (103/mm3) value was statistically higher in the CYP+ILE group compared to the CYP group. No significant difference was found between other hematological parameters. In the histopathological evaluation of liver and kidney tissue, congestion was observed in the CYP group, while limited pathological changes were detected in the CYP+ILE group. When immunohistochemical parameters were evaluated, it was determined that liver and kidney Bcl-2 immunoreactivity were significantly positive in the CYP+ILE group. The highest score in liver caspase-3 immunoreactivity was seen in the CYP+ILE group, while the highest score in kidney caspase-3 immunoreactivity was found in the CYP+GT group. Conclusion: The data obtained from our study revealed that ILE may be effective against the negative effects of cypermethrin. Keywords: Cypermethrin, Intravenous Lipid Emulsion, Oxidative Stress, Rat, Toxicity.