Investigation of the cardioprotective effects of Momordica charantia in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction model in rats

Myocardial infarction (MI), MI is a condition of acute myocardial necrosis that occurs when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, causing irreversible heart tissue damage. One of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart develops a blockage due to unbalanced accumulation of plaque, leukocytes, cholesterol and fat is among the main public health problems in the world. Bioevidence associated with MI include excessive cytosolic calcium overload, increase in superoxide anions and free radicals (ROS), and increase in reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the cardioprotective effects, serum cardiac enzyme levels and myocardial antioxidant enzyme activities of Momordica charantia (MC), which has known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, on ISO-induced acute MI in rats. 49 Wistar male rats was included in the study. These rats; control (K), glycerine (GLCN) isoprenaline (ISO), 500 mg/kg MC (MC500), isoprenaline +100 mg/kg MC (ISO+MC100), isoprenaline +250 mg/kg MC (ISO+MC250), isoprenaline +500 mg/ It was divided into 7 subgroups as kg MC (ISO+MC500). The substance was applied to the groups for 30 days. Isoprenaline (65 mg/kg/day) was administered by subcutaneous injection in the last two days of the employee (on the 29th and 30th days). 24 hours after the last administration, the rats was anesthetized with 1.25 g/kg of urethane. ECG recording was taken for 2 minutes after the anesthesia procedure. After the ECG procedure, blood collection will be performed by cardiac puncture method. In the study, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, Nrf2, HO-1, CK-MB, cTn-I and CRP levels was determined by ELISA method. IL-6 and CRP levels were significantly lower in the ISO+MC500 group compared to the ISO group; TNF-α, HO-1, CK-MB and cTn-I level values were significantly lower in the MC-treated groups compared to the ISO group; IL-10 level was significantly higher in the ISO+MC100 and ISO+MC500 groups than in the ISO group; It was observed that Nrf2 levels were significantly higher in the MC-treated groups compared to the ISO group. In electrocardiographic evaluation, the mean R wave amplitude and heart rate were statistically higher in the MC-treated groups than in the ISO group; The mean ST segment and T wave amplitudes were determined to be statistically lower in the MC-treated groups than in the ISO group. As a result, it was observed that MC may have cardioprotective properties according to ECG evaluation and cardiac biomarker level values. More and comprehensive studies are needed to present MC as an alternative treatment option. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Cardioprotective Effect, Isoprenaline, Momordica charantia, Myocardial Infarction,