Properties and applications of glazes used in Seljuk, principalities and Ottoman Period ceramics

Throughout the history of Turks from Central Asia to Anatolia, the climatic conditions, Wars, migrations and economic processes they were exposed to affected their entire lives. The Turks, who have lead a sedentary life with a changing geographical location, with this new formation, have blended their understanding of culture and art with those they acquired in the land they came from, and have revealed their own art identities. Previously, ceramics produced with daily requirements were shaped by the influence of the soils in which they were found over time. Period of Seljuk, Principalities and Ottoman ceramics have brought with them successive historical traces over the centuries. Each technique which was applied in Turkish ceramic art, the material used and the pattern processed, the aesthetic understanding of the period to which it belongs, life style and cultural structure are complementary elements. They emerged with their new identities, which fed each other from the Seljuk period in Central Asia to the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia, but evolved in line with their socio-economic-political interactions and beliefs. Period of Seljuk, principalities and Ottoman's production centers of ceramics , production characteristics, form and pattern-compositions were discussed. Moreover, some ceramic techniques such as Sgraffito technique, slip technique (lining decoration), relief technique, underglaze technique, luster technique, minai technique, lajvardina technique, tile mosaic technique, colored glaze technique, lakabi technique, cuerda seca technique were examined with glaze features and supported with visuals. This study was prepared in the light of the information obtained as a result of previous researches and findings on ceramics with limited samples that have reached the present day, which includes the three most important periods in the history of Turkish ceramics, and it was hoped that it could be a source for new research and studies to be conducted in this field. Key Words: Seljuk, Principalities, Ottoman, Ceramic, Technical