An analysis of the subjunctive expressions (imperative, interrogative, optative, exclamation) in Shaykh al-Islam Yahya's Diwan according to the art of rhetoric

Classical Turkish poetry made significant contributions to Turkish literature in terms of quantity and quality during the Ottoman Empire's almost six-century reign. When we consider literary works from the Karakhanid and Seljuk periods, as well as Arabic and Persian writings, the longevity of classical literature becomes clearer. Despite the fact that there are various prose genres and works in classical literature, poetic works spring to mind first. In terms of quantity and quality, classical literature has become synonymous with poetry. Considering this situation, poetry was preferred as the literary genre in our thesis. In poetry, to demonstrate the subjunctive expressions more clearly the diwan of Şeyhülislam Yahya (died 1644), one of the best representatives of the classical style, has been favored over the diwan of one of the representatives of different styles, such as Sebk-i Hindi (Indian style), in which different practices are seen in terms of wording and meaning and which perform a certain time rule. The poet's ability to write in fluent Istanbul Turkish and the fact that his diwan was more convenient in terms of depicting the science of Maani practices also exerted an influence on our decision. This thesis focuses on two main points, which are subjunctive expressions' meaning determination/appreciation and their interpretation within the framework of usage/style/function. In this framework, the imperative, interrogative (rhetorical questions), optative, and exclamation structures in the diwan were determined one by one, and the meanings in which they were used, as well as their contribution to poetry (lyrism) and style, were discussed in accordance with the nature and concepts of classical poetry. In poetry, these expressions are often used not with their basic meanings, but with their secondary/figurative meanings. It is certain that the determination of these meanings is subjective and based on one's literary sense. Poetry language, classical poetry tradition (types, proposition system and imaginary world), the diwan studied, the poems in which examples and finally the couplets/cantos taken as examples were accepted as a context and all determinations and interpretations in the study were tried to be made on these foundations and the subject has been tried to be handled as objectively as possible.