The effect of tobacco use in patients with mild copd and patients at risk for COPD on hyperi̇nflation

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) ; an irreversible disease characterized by progressive restriction of air flow. This disease develops as a result of the inflammatory process that occurs against harmful gases and particles, especially tobacco smoke. Inflammation is not limited only to lungs, it also shows systemic properties. It?s known that, in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the airways having a diameter smaller than 2 mm, are the basic areas of airway obstruction; and as disease severity increases, inflamatory and architectural differences increase. İn this study, we investigated that in patients with chronic exposure to tobacco smoke, whether the amount of consumed tobacco smoke increases pulmonary hyperinflation changes and the changes of the small airline ventilating properties in patients defined as patients with mild COPD and at risk according to GOLD standards. As a result of our investigation, we found that when mild COPD (plot) group was compared to the normal (non-COPD, control) group, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75 values were slightly lower in plot group and FVC, FRC, Scond and Sacin values were higher in plot group. In control group, we found significant difference in FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75, Scond and Sacin values compared according to the amount of consumed tobacco. İn our study, 10-20 pack year smoker group and 21-30 pack year smoker group were combined in plot group, we found significant difference FVC, FEV1/FVC, Sacin and Scond values. When all cases (plot and control group) were compared according to the amount of consumed tobacco, we found significant difference in FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75, Scond and Sacin values. When smoking rate increases, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75 values reduce, and Sacin and Scond values increase. To control the effect of the age, all cases were grouped as under the age of 50 and over 50 years. FEF 25-75, FEV1/FVC values were found to be significantly lower in patients with over 50 years of age. RV/TLC, Sacin and Scond values were found to be significantly higher in the group over 50 years of age. Patients with plot group were grouped as under the age of 50 and over 50 years and Sacin value was found to be significantly higher in over 50 years age group. Control group were grouped as under the age of 50 and over 50 years of age and Scond and RV/TLC values were found to be significantly higher in over 50 years age group. When plot group and control group were compared , under the age of 50, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75 values were found to be lower and FRC and Scond values were found to be higher in plot group. Plot group and control group over 50 years of age were compared and, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75 values were found to be lower in plot group, and FVC, FRC, Scond and Sacin values were found to be higher in plot group. Plot group and control group smoking over 21 pack year were compared, and FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75 values were found to be lower and , FVC, FRC, Scond and Sacin values were found to be higher in plot group. Our results showed that regardless of age, as the amount of tobacco use increases, respiratory function tests decrease , ventilating inhomogenity and pulmonary hyperinflation increase, and expiratory air flow restriction develops.