Determination of the effects of silicium applications on plant development, yield and quality in durum wheat (Triticum durum) grown in phosphorus-poor soils under Siirt conditions

This study was conducted in Siirt ecological conditions in the 2023 and 2024 production seasons to investigate the effects of silicon and phosphorus applications on plant development, nutrient uptake, grain yield and quality in wheat (Triticum durum). 3 silicon and 4 phosphorus applications were used in the study. The study was conducted in randomized blocks with 3 replications according to the split-plot experimental design. According to the results of this study; plant height 80,03-92,20 cm, spike length 5,87-7,30 cm, tiller number 3,43-3,80 pieces/plant, spike number per square meter 281,7-480,0 pieces/m2, spikelet number 18,13-19,93 pieces/spike, grain number per spike 55,73-64,80 pieces/plant, thousand grain weight 45,62-51,75 g, grain yield 119,0-284,6 kg/da, biological yield 634,9-1097,7 kg/da, hectoliter weight 81,13-82,57 g, spike weight 3,05-4,18 g, harvest index 16,86-35,67%, grain weight per spike 3,65-4,14 g/spike, moisture analysis varied between 9,267-9,800%, crude protein ratio 10,67-11,23%, sedimentation 26,10-30,37%, starch amount 69,83-70,27% and wet gluten ratio 19,07-20,60%. In the study, it was determined that silicon applications had significant statistical differences in terms of plant height, spike length, biological yield and moisture analysis, and it was determined that the difference between silicon applications was not at the level of statistical significance in terms of other examined characteristics. It was determined that phosphorus applications had significant statistical differences in terms of plant height, tiller number, thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike, and it was determined that the difference between silicon applications was not at the level of statistical significance in terms of other examined characteristics. As a result, this study conducted in the ecological conditions of Siirt province reveals that silicon applications in wheat cultivation are an easily applicable and economical method in terms of reducing phosphorus fertilizer use.