The use of infrared radiation in rough construction under cold weather conditions according to russian standards

In the construction industry; while providing significant benefits from advances in both equipment and method of construction technology and also management technologies, basic labor can not survive without the manpower-intensive sectors. Unless machines is not for construction large structures such as shopping malls, skyscrapers and dams not so possible. However, the sector largely manpower must be used.This is a fact that must be accepted in the labour intensive sector, made perfect construction like on paper drawing and doing a job in quality standards which calculated with formulas companies need for the system which include high details to control the entire process. The principle of the international study Turkish construction sector was able to purify the traditionalist construction logic that can adapt to this change, they employment people who principle innovation and development and so growing fast and is continuing development with the budget they allocate to innovation. In this way, the construction contractor of Turkish firms in the world rises to the top as the construction industry and also the construction of hundreds of large structral are performed in many countries of the world. Russia is one of the leading countries in the international contracting services, in many different projects in the country is complemented by the Turkish producer.Due to the cold climate in Russia is fairly difficult works according to the conditions in Turkey. As each country has different standards in Russia has own standard and is dominated by these cold air to anyone who aim to make high-quality production, this way of working will help us. The main difficulty of construction process in Russia is cold climate conditions. The aim of this research is to apply infrared radiation method for concrete heating, which is the main problem of the reinforced concrete produce process, in appropriate temperature and Russian standards while working in cold weather circumstances, in a way that considers occupational health and safety, in order to maintain the construction in the fastest way and at the same time to decrease the cost and to provide predicted quality for rough construction. In this study, Employees producer company in Russia in the sector of concrete production processes related to air temperature is an important factor affecting the work programs described in full detail and more sustainable than the current system has been described a new system of making new work on experiments and observations have been made in comparison with the old system. +5⁰C be less than the air temperature, which means winter conditions in Russia, regardless of the material used for manufacturing of construction temperature should be minimum + 2⁰C. The main problem at this point; serious difficulties to achieve the desired high strength concrete in cold weather conditions is experienced. The temperature of the winter heating season, hours are made to remove these values are expected to manufacturing. This is extend the work period. Also the work done by the area and this area should be associated with the ambient temperature of + 5⁰C + 15⁰C. Becasue of these conditions operation time and also cost increase. This is a problem that does not use an improved standard model on 21 construction sites studied to solve seen, the results of the heating means used in the continuation of manufacturing to testing, it was observed that systematic conducted a process unmonitored heating application. Make uncontrolled heating without being connected to any system, taking strength from the opening of the concrete formwork, then the low-strength structural elements necessary to reheat or make strengthening is caused by inability of the projects completed in the prescribed time. This situation increases the costs of the project and resulted in a serious decline in the profitability of the contractor. Therefore, the priority issues to be solved in the construction of rough concrete or manufacturing any manufacturing while providing the necessary heat-resistance relationship is essential. In addition to the existing not standardized system often carries a large risk in terms of safety is the fire exit. The smoke of burning diesel as well as high cost of diesel also is working with the heating device used to spread the work environment is causing them to various respiratory problems and gas poisoning. To summarize the purpose of this study, while producing a solution to the low resistance risk in the production of concrete on the existing system of construction project management through value engineering point of view in terms of other components (safety, cost, time and quality management) is to provide performance improvements. Occupational safety, workers and safer in terms of environmental health, less cost of existing heating system, easy to use, examine the business speed and strength building a new heating pattern as scientific and create a standard model is for quality management in cold weather conditions. The concept of concrete heating is studied in concrete quality topic because of its direct effect on quality factors such as concrete resistance and setting duration. This research is conducted in the site of a Turkish company, which works in Russia. The variables are determined by considering the possible site problems and 4 of project management criteria (cost, planning, occupational health and safety, quality) and experiments are done to determine the usage method. The chosen variables are weather temperature, heating duration, covering condition of the particular area, application distance and property of the material. It is observed that, 2 kW infrared radiation which is applied for the condition of absence of snow and ice on column or beam, is not enough to reach to +35°C goal for beneath formwork heating in order to melt the snow and ice before pouring. The requested surface temperature is achieved by 6 kW heaters. The snow and ice were melted in a very shorter duration (1-2 hours) and the temperature of formwork and reinforcement was reached to 45C on the surface which absorbs the radiation directly by 6 kW infrared radiation. Infrared radiation devices are located on each four corners of the beams with 80-100 cm distance when the weather temperature is below -10C. The devices are located on each four surfaces of the beams with 80-100 cm distance when the weather temperature is between -10C and 0C. Finally, the devices are located on two cross corner with 80-100 cm distance when the weather temperature is between 0C and +5C. When it comes to floor applications, infrared radiation devices are located under the floor with 80 cm distance. The effective area of infrared radiation is determined by 45 angle from the corners of the device. The infrared radiation devices were located below the floor as one 6 kW device per 10m2 area when the weather temperature is below -15C. The devices were located as one device per 12-13 m2 when the weather temperature is between 15C and 0C. The devices were located as one device per 15-17m2 when the weather temperature is between 0C and +5C. It is essential to consider the shape of the wall for heating of reinforced concrete wall applications. It is observed that locating one infrared radiation device per 3 meter width is enough to get appropriate results. When evaluation criteria is sorted by the level of importance, it can be said that the most important subjects are occupational health & safety and keeping the environment clean. For these criteria, infrared radiation method is preferred due to low flame risk and zero poisonous gas emission of the infrared lamp. When it is considered quality problems of reinforced concrete in the past, the device can be preferred for homogenous heating. However, the system works more efficient with the combination of ısımak devices for the temperatures below -15⁰C. In the view of difficulty of application, it should not be forgotten that infrared devices are light and fragile equipments which requires high level of caution. Infrared devices are more preferable rather than ısımak devices because of not having handicaps such as releasing smell of fuel, freezing risk of the fuel and running out of the fuel. These circumstances should be provided in order to use the heating system for cold weather conditions which increases the quality of the reinforced concrete producing process as mentioned in the thesis: • Collaborators of the project should be open to change and development. • The electricity team should have enough members. • The site electricity should meet the kW requirement according to the number of infrared radiation devices. • A quality assurance team should be employed to check the system. It is calculated that the system costs 24,71% less than conventional ısımak method. It is possible to optimize the method by adjusting preferences and application criteria.