The genes effect of the blood glucose level of anaerobic exercise and the glucose transportes-4 (GLUT4) on muscle tissue on the rats that have been formed diabetes with streptozotocin

Although it is non-contagious, the prevalence of diabetes is high in today's world. One of the main reasons behind the occurrence of this disease is the sedentary lifestyle that humans adopt. Of the two different types that this disease occurs in, while type-1 diabetes is mainly treated by insulin injection, type-2 diabetes is treated by a combination of diet, exercise, and psychological therapy. This situation indicates that besides improving the quality of life by preventing a sedentary lifestyle, regular exercise has positive effects on people's physical health as well. The purpose of this study is to show that regular anaerobic exercise for six weeks (30 mins for 5 days each week) affects blood glucose level and Glut-4 gene expression, which is found on skeletal muscle tissue, of ratsin which diabetes is induced by streptozotocin. To do this, 45 rats in total were identified and divided into three groups at first. Those groups were control group (n=15), sedentary group (n=15), and exercise group (n=15). During the study, 2 rats in the sedentary group died in the second week, 1 rat died in the third week, and 1 rat died in the fourth week; thus, the size of the group decreased to 11. Within the 6 weeks of study glucose levels of rats' blood were measured and noted every Thursday in the first five weeks and on Monday and Thursday in the sixth week. On the last day of the study, rats were decapitated and the muscle tissue to be studied was taken. The results of a repeated-measures ANOVA test indicated significant differencesbetween those seven measurements (p<.005). To find between which measurements there were significant differences, Benferroni multiple comparison test was conducted. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the second measurement was significantly different from other measurements, while the other measurements showed no significant difference between each other. With regard to group variables, results indicated a significant difference in terms of blood glucose level (p<.005). To understand between which groups there were significant differences, Games-Howell, which is a non-parametric posthoc test, was conducted. The data that this test provided demonstrated that the control group was significantly different from sedentary and exercise groups in terms of blood glucose level (p<.005), while there was no significant difference between sedentary and exercise groups (p>.005). Gene Expression Graph and CT Range Graphshowed that the level of Glut-4 gene was average in the control group and low in the exercise group. However, the level of the sedentary group's Glut-4 gene was the lowest one. To sum up, it was found that while anaerobic exercise did not cause a significant difference between the blood glucose level of sedentary and exercise groups, there was a decrease in the mean value of blood glucose level of the exercise group. Therefore, it was proved that regular anaerobic exercise has a positive effect on Glut-4 gene expression as it was hypothesised.