Effects of chromium histidinate on the expression of NF-?B, Nrf2 and Akt proteins in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes

It has been reported in recent studies that in type 2 diabetes various organic form of chromium is capable of improving insulin sensitivity, insulin receptor number, glucose uptake of cells and diminishing oxidative stress and by these ways contributes to prevent diabetes and is complications.In this study, effects of chromium histidinate (CrHis), which previously reported as more absorbtive by human than the other chromium forms, on NF-?B, Nrf2 and Akt protein expression on the kidney tissue of the diabetics rats by high fat fed (HFD) and experimentally diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ), were researched. 28 male wistar albino rats used in this study mean weight was 200 gr (180-220 gr) and age was 8 week. Rats were divided into 4 groups that contain 7 animals. (i) The group which received a standard diet (12% of calories as fat) was assigned as control group (C), (ii) The group which fed standard diet and concomitantly received CrHis 110 mcg CrHis/kg body weight per day was assigned as C+CrHis group, (iii) The group which fed as HFD but were injected with STZ on day 14 (STZ, 40 mg/kg i.p.) was assigned as HFD+STZ group, (iv) The group which fed as HFD and after two weeks injected STZ concomitantly supplemented with 110 mcg CrHis/kg body weight per day was assigned as HFD+STZ+CrHis group. The research finished in 12 weeks. HFD+STZ group had higher NF-?B levels than control group. In HFD+STZ+CrHis group, NF-?B levels had diminished significantly in comparison to HFD+STZ group (p<0,05). Nrf2 levels had diminished in HFD+STZ group in comparison to control group, on the other hand increased significantly in HFD+STZ+CrHis group comparison to HFD+STZ group (p<0,05). Akt levels had diminished in HFD+STZ group in comparison to control group; these levels increased significantly in HFD+STZ+CrHis group comparison to HFD+STZ group (p<0,05).In conclusion, in the kidney tissue of the rats that were under high fat fed and diabetic by STZ administration; CrHis suplementation diminished the NF-?B protein expression and increased Nrf2 and Akt protein expression. By this way CrHis supports the prevention of diabetes and its complication, such as diabetic nephropathy.Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, Chromium Histidinate, NF-?B, Nrf2, Akt